Tuesday, July 11, 2017

Transects in the Nooksack headwaters June 12, 2017

Ric, Maddie, and I monitored three transects at Hannegan Pass as well as Anderson Creek Rd and Heather Meadows. At the Hannegan Pass transects, most of the snow has melted, and with it the first flush of flowers (like Glacier Lily) have senesced. Skies were overcast and threatened rain, but none fell. However, temperatures in the mid 50s kept all but a few bees from enjoying the ample Salmonberry, Bleeding Heart, Yellow Violet, and Fendler’s Waterleaf flowers. There appears to be a large elevational gradient among the transects. The Trilliums were pretty much finished at the lowest transect, but still going strong at the highest. Those avalanche meadows are so verdant right now! Flowers are stacked upon flowers. It must be bee heaven in warmer weather.


Anderson Creek road is in a blooming lull. Most abundant were Bog Orchid, Piggy Back Plant, and Bunchberry. Goat’s Beard will start blooming soon. We past a few piles of bear scat, and saw evidence of them browsing on Cow Parsnip stalks.

Picture Lake  still has 1-2 feet of snow in most places, but a few tree islands are just starting to melt out and the buds are swelling on the blueberries. Two weeks from now, this transect will likely have significant snow free patches.

Up at Heather Meadows, there is still several feet of snow, but there is bare ground under the large trees along transect c with Black Huckleberry and Oval-leaved Blueberry blooming. There are also some Cascade Blueberry blooming in the parking lot. I was amazed at the difference in snow depth under the canopy of trees. In the span of a few feet, you could go from bare soil to over 4 feet of snow.

Sunday, March 8, 2015

The friendly bumbles of Bellingham

 During a Native Plant Society field trip to Clayton Beach yesterday, we encountered numerous bumble bees that were eager to perch on us to warm up after a frosty night.

Bombus mixtus







Tuesday, February 17, 2015

Bumble Bee nests in the North Cascades

We got permission from the US Forest Service to place three more bumble bee nests near the Silver Fir Campground. Below are photos of the installation taken by Fred Rhoades.

Although we are dressed warmly, there is NO snow and the temperatures rose into the 50s later in the day. The flowers will soon emerge if this weather continues.

Site 1


Site 2


Site 3













Artificial bumble bee homes

Bumble Bee hive ready to install
One of our projects for this coming field season is to measure how far various bumble bee species travel through the mountains to pollinate flowers. We are trying to understand how sensitive these bees are to forest fragmentation that will likely occur as changes in the climate drive the treelines higher and encroach on mountain meadows. The nanotech revolution hasn't supplied us with GoPro Cameras or GPS devices small enough to attach to bees, so our plan is to examine the pollen that they bring back from their foraging missions. If a bee returns to a nest at the base of a mountain with pollen from plants that are only found at the top of the mountain, then we can deduce that they flew there themselves and didn't hitch a ride with a ranger (but you never know, they've been talking more about assisted migration...).

Jim and I built a dozen bumble bee nests out of 8" flower pots, wire mesh, mosquito netting, and sections of hose. Below are pictures of the pieces and at the bottom of this post is a list of useful resources on bumble bee nest construction.

1/4 in hardware clothe with sides folded.

Screen to keep the nest material off the wet ground
We used dried moss, cattail fluff, sedge flowers, bracken fern, and mouse bedding for our next material
Nest material and hose with nail to keep out rodents
 Super glue worked well to attach the mosquito netting to the pot

Ventilation holes with bug netting to keep pests out


Buried several inches with gravel liner for drainage

Installation complete (Ferndale)

We placed 9 nests around Bellingham and Ferndale last week, and once we get the necessary permits from the US Forest Service, we will place the last three near the Silver Fir Campground in the Mt. Baker National Forest. The day after we installed the nests in Ferndale, we observed a Bombus melanpygus queen searching for a home in the vicinity. With luck, the bees will find our nests.


Sources for more information on building bumble bee nests:


Johansen, C. 1967 Ecology of three species of bumble bees in southwestern Washington.  Wash. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 57:1-12

Hobbs, G. A. et al 1967 Ecology of species of Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in southern Alberta: Subgenus Pyrobombus. Canad. Entomol. 99:1271-1292

Sladen, F. W. L. (1912, 1989). The humble-bee. Macmillian and Co. Ltd.

Intenthron, Manfred and Gerrard, John. (1999). Making nests for bumble bees. International Bee Research Association.  (available from http://www.ibra.org.uk)
 

Monday, September 22, 2014

Goat Mountain- week 4

This might have been our last visit of the season. It has recently frosted in the alpine areas of Goat Mt. and the huckleberry leaves have turned red. The Cascade Blueberry fruit are starting to wither at the lower elevations, but are still plump and tasty higher up in the meadows. Not much is flowering besides Indian Paintbrush, Pearly Everlasting, and a few asters. Amazingly, Edible Thistle (Cirsium edule) was still flowering and providing the only food for bumble bees that we observed. I believe all the bees that I observed were drones. Now is the time to see bears in the alpine, but we have not yet seen any.

Tachinid fly on Pearly Everlasting
Drone bumble bee on Edible Thistle


Cascade Blueberry with red foliage
Ripe Black Huckleberries

Tuesday, August 19, 2014

Goat Mountain- week 3

The ground is drying out on Goat Mountain. Most of the creeks that the trail crosses are dry and many of the early flowers are done blooming. Black Huckleberries and Cascade Blueberries are even starting to ripen! The weather was very warm and the bumble bees were spending most of their time on Fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium). One patch of Fireweed that was no bigger than 30 feet in diameter had more than 30 bees! Perhaps on account of the abundance of bees, their visits to individual flower blossoms were very brief. However, I noticed that the bumblebees would spend a minute or more on Edible Thistle (Cirsium edule).


Bombus melanopygus on Canadanthus modestus
Bombus melanopygus on Canadanthus modestus



Bombus melanopygus on Chamerion angustifolium
Bombus melanopygus on Chamerion angustifolium
Bombus melanopygus on Angelica arguta




Bombus sylvicola on Chamerion angustifolium
Bombus sylvicola on Chamerion angustifolium


Bombus sylvicola on Cirsium edule
Bombus sylvicola on Cirsium edule






Thursday, July 24, 2014

Goat Mountain- week 2

Not to be discouraged by a little rain, I left Bellingham in a downpour to see how tough those bumble bees really are. It was still sprinkling at the trailhead and I actually managed to stay dry until I got into wet brush just below the tree line, at which point my pants quickly became sodden. It was misting heavily and probably in the high 50s or low 60s when I broke into the subalpine. There wasn't much insect activity, but I did spot a large queen foraging on a False Azalea and a worker (Bombus melanopygus) on a Valerian.

I set up two more plots, so now I have three.

Phenological notes:
Embryonic Cascade Blueberry berries
Cascade Blueberry (Vaccinium deliciosum) -- mostly done flower, with only a few flowers. Most plants had embryonic berries and a few were filled out and green.

White Rhododendron (Rhododendron albiflorum) -- just starting to flower.

Subalpine Fleabane (Erigeron peregrinus) -- just starting to flower

Subalpine Spiraea (Spiraea densiflora) -- just starting to flower

Bistort (Bistorta sp.) -- just starting to flower

Pink Mountain Heather (Phllodoce empetriformis) -- flowering

Slender Bog Orchid (Platanthera stricta) -- flowering

Sitka Valerian (Valeriana sitchensis) -- flowering

Bracted Lousewort (Pedicularis bracteosa) -- flowering
(Arnica latifolia) -- flowering
(Veronica sp.) -- flowering
(Castilleja sp.) -- flowering


False Azalea (Menziesia ferruginea) -- flowers fading

Sitka Mountain-ash (Sorbus sitchensis) -- flowers fading

Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis) -- flowers fading

Glacier Lily (Erythronium grandiflorum) -- Didn't see [finished]

Spring Beauty (Claytonia lanceolata) Didn't see [finished]